近十年高考英语真题长难句详细解析【一】

2026-01-27    3622次浏览



难度等级:最基础


1、(2025 年全国二卷阅读 C 篇) Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.

解析:本句为主从复合句。主句核心结构是“Our study showed that...”,that 引导宾语从句,作 showed 的宾语;宾语从句中 “for people who were in plant-rich workplaces” 是后置定语,修饰 sick leave,其中 who 引导定语从句,限定先行词 people,说明是 “处于植物丰富工作环境中的人”。

句意:我们的研究表明,在植物丰富的工作环境中,人们的病假减少了 30%。


2、(2024 年新课标 I 卷阅读 A 篇) We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.

解析:主句为“We’ll explore beautiful park sites”,while 引导时间状语从句,从句中省略了主语 we 和 be 动词 are,完整形式为 “while we are conducting...”;“invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection” 是并列名词短语,作 conducting 的宾语。

句意:我们将在探索美丽的公园景点的同时,进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。


3、(2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读 B 篇) When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.

解析When 引导时间状语从句,说明主句动作发生的时间;主句核心结构是 “he loved to explore the woods”,“around his house” 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰 woods;“observing how nature solved problems” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,其中 how 引导宾语从句,作 observing 的宾语。

句意: John Todd 还是个孩子时,他喜欢探索家周围的树林,观察大自然如何解决问题。


4、(2022 年新高考 I 卷阅读 A 篇) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.

解析:本句是由 but 和 so 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句 “Class activities will vary from day to day” 为简单句;第二个分句中,“drawn directly from...discussion” 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 short in-class writings or tests;so 引导结果状语从句,从句中 “it” 是形式主语,真正主语是 “to take careful notes during class”。

句意:课堂活动每天会有所不同,但学生必须做好准备完成简短的课堂写作或测试,这些内容直接来源于指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座 / 讨论笔记。因此,课堂上认真记笔记非常重要。


5、(2021 年新高考 I 卷阅读 A 篇) The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.

解析:主句核心结构是“The staff is friendly and helpful”;“providing you with...when you arrive” 和 “offering advice if you require some” 是并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语;两个状语中分别包含 when 引导的时间状语从句和 if 引导的条件状语从句。

句意:工作人员友好且乐于助人,在你到达时会为你提供城市地图,并在你需要时提供建议。


6、(2020 年新高考 I 卷阅读七选五) So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.

解析:本句为主从复合句。主句是祈使句“don’t stop speaking”;when 引导时间状语从句,说明 “不要停止说话” 的时间场景;unless 引导条件状语从句,相当于 “if not”,表示 “除非是非常严重的错误”。

句意:所以,当你犯错时不要停止说话,除非这是一个非常严重的错误。


7、(2019 年全国 Ⅲ 卷语法填空) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.

解析:“On our way to the house” 是介词短语作状语;主句核心结构是 “it was raining so hard that...”,so...that... 引导结果状语从句;从句中 “wondering how long it would take to get there” 是动名词短语作 couldn’t help 的宾语,其中 how long 引导宾语从句,it 为形式主语,真正主语是 “to get there”。

句意:在去往住宅的路上,雨下得如此之大,以致我们不禁纳闷要过多久才能到达那里。


8、(2018 年全国Ⅰ卷语法填空) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try.

解析:本句是由 if 和 so 连接的复合句。if 引导条件状语从句,说明主句的前提;主句中 “to get the same benefits as other sports” 是不定式短语作目的状语;“as other sports” 是比较状语,修饰 benefits;so 引导结果状语从句,提出建议。

句意:如果你工作繁忙,你只需花上做其他运动一半的时间就可以达到同等的锻炼效果,所以或许大家都应当尝试一下。


9、(2017 年全国Ⅰ卷阅读七选五) The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.

解析:主句核心结构是“The friends thought that...”;“who introduced me to camping” 是定语从句,限定先行词 friends;that 引导宾语从句,作 thought 的宾语,从句中 “to be a pioneer” 是不定式作 meant 的宾语。

句意:带我接触露营的朋友们认为,露营的终极意义在于成为开拓者。


10、(2016 年全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读七选五) When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.

解析:本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中,When 引导时间状语从句(包含两个并列谓语 have bought 和 arrive),主句是 “you’d better store the fish...immediately”,其中 if 引导条件状语从句;第二个分句为简单句,被动语态 “should be stored” 表示建议。

句意:当你买完鱼回家后,如果不立即烹饪你最好把鱼放在冰箱里保存,但新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱保存一到两天。


11、(2025 年全国二卷阅读 C 篇) If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.

解析:本句为主从复合句。第一个 if 引导条件状语从句,从句中 “who are enjoying...with plants” 是定语从句,限定先行词 people;“of surrounding yourself with plants” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 benefits;主句是祈使句 “don’t beat yourself up”;第二个 if 引导条件状语从句,“doesn’t make it” 表示 “未能存活”。

句意:如果你正属于那类因亲近植物而获得心理和身体健康益处的人,那就算有一株 (或几株) 植物未能存活,也请勿苛责自己。


12、(2024 年新课标 II 卷阅读 C 篇) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.

解析:主句核心结构是“having a system...means zero emissions”,“having a system” 是动名词短语作主语;“in the same building where it’s eaten” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 system,其中 where 引导定语从句,指代 building;“from transporting plants from soil to salad” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 zero emissions,说明排放为零的原因。

句意:此外,在同一楼内拥有 (果菜园) 系统意味着免去了蔬菜从农场到餐桌的运输环节,实现了零排放。


13、(2023 年新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.

解析:本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中,if 引导条件状语从句,主句是 there be 句型,“near where you live” 是介词短语作状语,where 引导宾语从句,作 near 的宾语;第二个分句中,it 是形式主语,真正主语是 “to find places...that are relatively wild”,“that are relatively wild” 是定语从句,限定先行词 places。

句意:如果你幸运的话,住所附近可能有袖珍公园 (口袋公园),但城市里要找到相对原始的地方很不容易。


14、(2022 年全国甲卷阅读七选五) Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.

解析:主句核心结构是“Knowing some tips will help ensure that...”,“Knowing some tips” 是动名词短语作主语;that 引导宾语从句,作 ensure 的宾语;破折号后 “no matter where you are in the world” 是让步状语从句,相当于 wherever 引导的从句,修饰整个宾语从句。

意:了解一些小技巧将帮助确保你与朋友或家人享受愉快的用餐—— 无论你在世界的哪个角落。


15、(2021 年全国乙卷阅读七选五) If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.

解析:if 引导条件状语从句,从句中 “other than ‘What do you do for a living?’” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 question;主句核心结构是 “you’ll be able to get...conversation out of...”,“whomever it is you’re talking to” 是宾语从句,作 of 的宾语,其中 whomever 在从句中作 to 的宾语。

句意:如果你能抛开“你做什么工作?” 这类问题开启对话,你就能从与之交谈的人那里获得更有趣的对话。


16、(2020 年全国 III 卷语法填空) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best.

解析:本句是由 so 和 so that 连接的复合句。第一个 so 连接两个并列谓语 “wanted to get his portrait done” 和 “called all great artists to come and present their finest work”;第二个 so that 引导目的状语从句,说明 “召集艺术家” 的目的。

句意:一天,皇帝想让人为他画肖像,于是他召集了所有伟大的艺术家来展示他们最好的作品,以便他能选择最好的。


17、(2019 年全国 Ⅱ 卷完形填空) If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be willing to go that extra mile.

解析:本句是虚拟语气复合句。if 引导虚拟条件状语从句,从句用 “had been” 表示与过去事实相反的假设;主句用 “would hope” 表示相应的虚拟结果;that 引导宾语从句,作 hope 的宾语,“go that extra mile” 表示 “额外努力、尽力相助”。

句意:若是我丢了狗,我很希望有人愿意出力相助。


18、(2018 年全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读七选五) Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.

解析:主句核心结构是“Studies found that...”,that 引导宾语从句;宾语从句中包含两个定语从句,“who woke up early for exercise” 修饰先行词 people,“who exercised in the evening” 修饰先行词 those;“better than” 引导比较状语,对比两种锻炼时间的效果。

句意:研究发现,早起锻炼的人比晚间锻炼的人睡得更好。


19、(2017 年全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 B 篇) Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

解析:主句核心结构是“Bradford sold the building and land to...”;“which plans to build...on the land” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 a local development firm;“where the theater is located” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the land,where 在从句中作地点状语。

句意:布拉德福德把剧院连同土地出售给了一家当地的开发公司,而开发商计划在剧院所在地建设一个综合购物中心。


20、(2016 年全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 A 篇) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.

解析:本句是虚拟语气复合句。if 引导虚拟条件状语从句,从句用 “weren’t” 表示与现在事实相反的假设(此处为倒装省略结构,完整形式为 “If it were not for...”);主句用 “might not exist” 表示相应的虚拟结果,“If it weren’t for...” 表示 “要不是……”。

句意:如果不是 Rachel Carson 的话,今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。


21、(2025 年 1 月浙江卷阅读七选五) If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.

解析:if 引导条件状语从句,从句中 “as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach” 是介词短语作状语,列举职业身份;主句核心结构是 “you’ll know that...”,that 引导宾语从句;从句中 “few better ways...than to teach it” 表示比较,强调 “教授是学习新知识的好方法”。

句意:如果你曾经担任过讲师、经理、培训师或教练,你就会知道,学习新知识最好的方法之一就是教授它。


22、(2024 年全国甲卷阅读 A 篇) Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.

解析:主句是祈使句“Join Javier Marin...to learn...”,“from the Harvard Museum of Natural History” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 Javier Marin;“to learn how...” 是不定式短语作目的状语;how 引导宾语从句,从句中 “dance, inspire fashion and create art” 是并列谓语;“while making your own...craft materials” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,省略了主语 you 和 be 动词 are。

句意:加入哈佛自然历史博物馆的 Javier Marin 的行列,观察昆虫等无脊椎动物如何舞动,从中获得艺术灵感和创造艺术,同时用手工材料制作自己的无脊椎艺术品。


23、(2023 年全国乙卷阅读七选五) Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.

解析:本句是由“Not only...but (also)...” 连接的并列复合句,Not only 位于句首时,第一个分句用部分倒装结构 “do they look beautiful”;第二个分句中,that 引导宾语从句,作 shown 的宾语;“by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory” 是介词短语作方式状语,说明提升幸福感的途径。

句意:它们不仅外观美丽,而且研究表明,它们能通过改善情绪、减缓压力和增强记忆来提升人们的幸福感。


24、(2022 年新高考 II 卷阅读七选五) After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.

解析After 引导时间状语从句,从句中 “until it is too messy to work from anymore” 是时间状语从句,修饰 have revised,“too...to...” 表示 “太…… 而不能……”;主句核心结构是 “you can enter your changes into...”。

句意:在你把草稿修改到太乱而无法继续写下去时,你可以将更改内容输入到文字处理设备中。


25、(2021 年全国甲卷阅读七选五) Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.

解析:主句是祈使句“Place a few mirrors around your room”;so 引导结果状语从句,说明放镜子的目的;从句中 “how things look when they try them on” 是宾语从句,作 see 的宾语,其中 when 引导时间状语从句,修饰 look。

句意:在房间周围放几面镜子,这样人们试穿时就能看到效果。


26、(2020 年全国 II 卷阅读七选五) While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve.

解析While 引导让步状语从句,表示 “尽管”;主句中 “for those used to working with traditional tools like email” 是介词短语作状语,“used to working with...” 是过去分词短语作定语,修饰 those;it 是形式主语,真正主语是 “to feel like a learning curve”,“learning curve” 表示 “学习曲线、适应过程”。

句意:尽管年轻一代更倾向于视觉化交流,但对于习惯使用电子邮件等传统工具的人群而言,这或许意味着需要重新适应的过程。


27、(2019 年全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读七选五) If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.

解析:本句为主从复合句,包含多个从句嵌套。主句是“then the air is filled with...oxygen”;if 引导条件状语从句,从句中 “you’re breathing” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the air;破折号之间是插入语,为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明 the air is clean 的情况,其中又包含一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。

句意:如果你呼吸的空气是干净的—— 倘若你远离城市的雾霾,空气应该是干净的 —— 那么空气里充满赋予生命和提升活力的氧气。


28、(2018 年全国 Ⅲ 卷语法填空) I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

解析:主句核心结构是“I’m not sure who...”,who 引导宾语从句,作 sure 的宾语;从句中 “me or the female gorilla” 是并列结构,作从句的主语;“that suddenly appears out of nowhere” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the female gorilla,“out of nowhere” 表示 “突然出现、不知从哪里来”。

句意:我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是突然不知从哪里冒出来的雌性大猩猩。


29、(2017 年全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读七选五) If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.

解析:if 引导条件状语从句,从句中包含两个并列分句 “someone knocks” 和 “it’s not an important matter”;主句是并列祈使句 “excuse yourself and let the person know...”;“you’re busy” 是宾语从句,作 know 的宾语;so 引导结果状语从句,从句中 “that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the hint,其中包含 when 引导的时间状语从句。

句意:如果有人敲门,并且不是什么重要的事情,那就礼貌地谢绝,让别人知道你很忙,这样他们就会得到暗示,当门关着的时候,你不想被打扰。


30、(2016 年全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空) It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

解析:本句是由 but 连接的并列句。第一个分句中,it 是形式主语,真正主语是 “anything”,破折号后是并列名词短语,举例说明 anything 的内容;第二个分句中,whatever 引导让步状语从句,相当于 “no matter what”;主句是祈使句 “make sure...”,“it’s a relief...rather than another thing to worry about” 是宾语从句,作 make sure 的宾语,“rather than” 表示 “而不是”。

句意:它可以是任何事—— 园艺、烹饪、音乐或是运动 —— 但无论如何,要确保这是使你从工作的压力中解脱出来的活动,而不是一项会令你担忧的活动。


31、(2025 年全国一卷完形填空) We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.

解析:主句核心结构是“We had decided..., donated..., and rented...”,三个过去分词短语并列作谓语;“for the apartment we were moving to in town” 是介词短语作定语,修饰 key items,其中 “we were moving to in town” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the apartment;“what we could” 是宾语从句,作 donated 的宾语,相当于 “what we could donate”;“to store our supposedly important objects” 是不定式短语作目的状语,修饰 rented。

句意:我们已为即将搬入的镇上公寓选好关键物品,捐出能捐之物,并租了处场地用以存放那些自以为重要的物件。


32、(2024 年 1 月浙江卷语法填空) Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.

解析:本句是由“Either...or...” 连接的并列复合句,表示选择关系。第一个分句中 “too heavy to carry home” 是形容词短语作表语,“too...to...” 表示 “太…… 而不能……”;第二个分句中 “what you’ve bought” 是宾语从句,作 use 的宾语;“while it’s still fresh” 是时间状语从句,修饰 can’t use,it 指代 what you’ve bought。

句意:要么你买的东西太重无法带回家,要么你无法在东西还新鲜时使用它们。


33、(2023 年全国甲卷阅读七选五) So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.

解析:本句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中,“that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate” 是同位语从句,解释说明 belief 的内容,其中 “we will tolerate” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the only state;第二个分句中,when 引导时间状语从句,主句是 “we get impatient about the circumstances”。

句意:我们许多人认为舒适是唯一能接受的状态,当我们遇到舒适区之外的事物时,会对环境感到不耐烦。


34、(2022 年全国乙卷阅读七选五) Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.

解析:主句是祈使句“Make sure...”;“you have communicated with your friend about...” 是宾语从句,作 make sure 的宾语;about 后接两个并列的宾语从句 “how frequently each of you wants to be contacted” 和 “what method works best for you both”,分别表示 “联系频率” 和 “最佳方式”。

句意:确保与朋友沟通以了解你们想要联系的频率和对双方都有效的联系方式。


35、(2021 年新高考 II 卷语法填空) I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.

解析:主句核心结构是“I decided that...”,that 引导宾语从句;宾语从句中,if 引导条件状语从句,从句中 “that used a lot of plastic” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 a company;主句 “send it an email urging it to cut back” 中,“urging it to cut back” 是现在分词短语作定语,修饰 email,“cut back” 表示 “减少、削减”。

句意:我决定,如果了解到某家大量使用塑料的公司,我就会发送邮件敦促其减少使用 (塑料)。


36、(2020 年新高考 II 卷阅读七选五) Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know.

解析:主句核心结构是“Your medical history is a list of...”;of 后接并列名词和从句,包括 “your illnesses, treatments”、宾语从句 “what the doctors told you to do” 以及 “anything else you think your doctor should know”,其中 “you think your doctor should know” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 anything else,省略了关系代词 that。

句意:你的病史记录应包括你患的疾病、接受过的治疗、医生给予的建议,以及你认为有必要告知医生的其他信息。


37、(2019 年全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读七选五) While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.

解析:While 引导让步状语从句,表示 “虽然、尽管”;主句是 there be 句型,“that can arise” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 many other situations。

句意:虽然每一项我只列出了两种,但显然还会有许多其他情况出现。


38、(2018 年全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

解析:主句核心结构是“The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that...”,that 引导宾语从句;宾语从句中,“between 2005—and 2011” 是时间状语,破折号之间是 when 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 2005,其中 “that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 a soil-testing program;主句谓语是 dropped,“by 7.7 million tons” 表示下降的幅度。

意:中国农业部发现,自 2005 年以来 —— 中国政府实施了一项土壤检测项目,为农民提供有针对性的化肥使用建议 —— 到 2011 年之间,化肥使用量减少了 770 万吨。